Sam Manekshaw - Revision history

Chief Editor at 06:59, 13 January 2026

2026-01-13T06:59:17Z

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-{{Heading1|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2|N1=Field Marshal|N2=Sam Manekshaw|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC|image=02. Sam.png|image2=Indian Army.png|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।|title2=Personal details|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died	27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}}  IMA|title3=Military service|Branch/Service=Indian Army|Years of service=1934 – 2008|Rank=Field Marshal|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade|Service number=IC-14|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}
+{{Heading1|title=फील्ड मार्शल सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2|N1=Field Marshal|N2=Sam Manekshaw|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC|image=02. Sam.png|image2=Indian Army.png|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।|title2=Personal details|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died	27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}}  IMA|title3=Military service|Branch/Service=Indian Army|Years of service=1934 – 2008|Rank=Field Marshal|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade|Service number=IC-14|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}
 [[File:Padma Vibhushan.jpg|left|frameless|253x253px]]
 Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.
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 '''केवल एक सेनापति नहीं, भारत की सैन्य चेतना हैं।'''
 [[Category:Indian Army]]

Chief Editor at 18:19, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T18:19:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:19, 26 December 2025
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	'''केवल एक सेनापति नहीं, भारत की सैन्य चेतना हैं।'''		'''केवल एक सेनापति नहीं, भारत की सैन्य चेतना हैं।'''
			[[Category:Indian Army]]

Chief Editor at 17:30, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T17:30:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:30, 26 December 2025
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	{{Heading1\|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2\|N1=Field Marshal\|N2=Sam Manekshaw\|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC\|image=02. Sam.png\|image2=Indian Army.png~~\|name=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat~~\|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat\|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।\|title2=Personal details\|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died 27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat\|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode\|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}} IMA\|title3=Military service\|Branch/Service=Indian Army\|Years of service=1934 – 2008\|Rank=Field Marshal\|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles\|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade\|Service number=IC-14\|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}		{{Heading1\|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2\|N1=Field Marshal\|N2=Sam Manekshaw\|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC\|image=02. Sam.png\|image2=Indian Army.png\|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat\|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।\|title2=Personal details\|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died 27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat\|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode\|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}} IMA\|title3=Military service\|Branch/Service=Indian Army\|Years of service=1934 – 2008\|Rank=Field Marshal\|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles\|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade\|Service number=IC-14\|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}
	[[File:Padma Vibhushan.jpg\|left\|frameless\|253x253px]]		[[File:Padma Vibhushan.jpg\|left\|frameless\|253x253px]]
	Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.		Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.

Chief Editor at 15:09, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T15:09:59Z

Show changes

Chief Editor at 15:06, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T15:06:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 26 December 2025
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	Throughout his military career he was awarded the Military Cross in 1942 for his display of gallantry in Burma during World War II against the Japanese at the battle of Pagoda Hill. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1968, and the Padma Vibhushan in 1972 for his exceptional service.		Throughout his military career he was awarded the Military Cross in 1942 for his display of gallantry in Burma during World War II against the Japanese at the battle of Pagoda Hill. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1968, and the Padma Vibhushan in 1972 for his exceptional service.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\| colspan="4" align="center" \|		\| colspan="4" align="center" \| [[File:Padma Vibhushan Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="4" align="center" \|		\| colspan="4" align="center" \| [[File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Padma Bhushan Ribbon]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:India General Service Medal 1947.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|General Service Medal]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND Poorvi Star Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Poorvi Star]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND Paschimi Star Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Paschimi Star]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND Raksha Medal Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Raksha Medal]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:IND Sangram Medal Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Sainya Seva Medal]]
	\|		\|[[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Indian Independence Medal]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND 25th Anniversary Independence medal.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|		\|[[File:Military cross BAR.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Military Cross]]
	\|		\|[[File:Ribbon - 1939-45 Star.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|1939-45 Star]]
			\|-
			\|[[File:Ribbon - Burma Star.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Burma Star]]
			\|[[File:Ribbon - War Medal.png\|frameless\|150x150px]]
			\|[[File:Ribbon India Service Medal.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
			\|[[File:General Service Medal 1918 BAR.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Chief Editor at 14:47, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T14:47:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:47, 26 December 2025
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	==== Bangladesh Liberation War 1971 ====		==== Bangladesh Liberation War 1971 ====
			[[File:1971 Instrument of Surrender WaPo-2.jpg\|thumb\|350x350px\|The instrument of surrender being signed on 16 December 1971 (the signatory generals were Jagjit Singh Aurora and Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi from the Indian and Pakistani sides respectively)]]
	The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the Bangladesh Liberation war, a conflict between the traditionally dominant West Pakistanis and the East Pakistanis who were a majority of the population but lacked representation. In 1970, East Pakistanis called for Bengali autonomy, but the Pakistani government failed to meet these demands. In early 1971, opinion shifted towards secession in East Pakistan. In March, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, whose members included soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to West Bengal, an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to intervene militarily to create Bangladesh.		The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was sparked by the Bangladesh Liberation war, a conflict between the traditionally dominant West Pakistanis and the East Pakistanis who were a majority of the population but lacked representation. In 1970, East Pakistanis called for Bengali autonomy, but the Pakistani government failed to meet these demands. In early 1971, opinion shifted towards secession in East Pakistan. In March, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched a fierce campaign to curb the secessionists, whose members included soldiers and police from East Pakistan. Thousands of East Pakistanis died, and nearly ten million refugees fled to West Bengal, an adjacent Indian state. In April, India decided to intervene militarily to create Bangladesh.

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	On 11 December, Ali messaged the United Nations requesting a ceasefire, but it was not authorised by President Yahya Khan, and the fighting continued. Following several discussions and consultations, and subsequent attacks by the Indian forces, Khan decided to stop the war in order to avoid any additional Pakistani casualties. The actual decision to surrender was taken by Niazi on 15 December and was conveyed to Manekshaw through the United States Consul General in Dhaka via Washington. Manekshaw replied that he would stop the war only if the Pakistani troops surrendered to their Indian counterparts by 9 AM on 16 December. The deadline was extended to 3 PM on the same day at Niazi's request, and the instrument of surrender was formally signed on 16 December 1971 by Lt. Gen. Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi.		On 11 December, Ali messaged the United Nations requesting a ceasefire, but it was not authorised by President Yahya Khan, and the fighting continued. Following several discussions and consultations, and subsequent attacks by the Indian forces, Khan decided to stop the war in order to avoid any additional Pakistani casualties. The actual decision to surrender was taken by Niazi on 15 December and was conveyed to Manekshaw through the United States Consul General in Dhaka via Washington. Manekshaw replied that he would stop the war only if the Pakistani troops surrendered to their Indian counterparts by 9 AM on 16 December. The deadline was extended to 3 PM on the same day at Niazi's request, and the instrument of surrender was formally signed on 16 December 1971 by Lt. Gen. Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi.
			[[File:PM with the three Chiefs, 1971-2.jpg\|thumb\|250x250px\|The Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, congratulating the Chiefs of the three services, General Sam Manekshaw, Admiral SM Nanda and Air Chief MarshalPC Lal.]]
	When the prime minister asked Manekshaw to go to Dhaka and accept the surrender of Pakistani forces, he declined, saying that the honour should go to the GOC-in-C Eastern Command, Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora.Concerned about maintaining discipline in the aftermath of the conflict, Manekshaw issued strict instructions forbidding looting and rape and stressed the need to respect and stay away from women. As a result, according to Singh, cases of looting and rape were negligible. While addressing his troops on the matter, Manekshaw was quoted as saying: "When you see a Begum (Muslim woman), keep your hands in your pockets, and think of Sam."		When the prime minister asked Manekshaw to go to Dhaka and accept the surrender of Pakistani forces, he declined, saying that the honour should go to the GOC-in-C Eastern Command, Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora.Concerned about maintaining discipline in the aftermath of the conflict, Manekshaw issued strict instructions forbidding looting and rape and stressed the need to respect and stay away from women. As a result, according to Singh, cases of looting and rape were negligible. While addressing his troops on the matter, Manekshaw was quoted as saying: "When you see a Begum (Muslim woman), keep your hands in your pockets, and think of Sam."

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	=== Promotion to field marshal ===		=== Promotion to field marshal ===
			[[File:FM Manekshaw - Rashtrapathi Bhavan-2.jpg\|thumb\|350x350px\|The President of India, V. V. Giri, conferring the rank of Field Marshal on COAS Sam Manekshaw at Rashtrapathi Bhavan in January 1973.]]
	After the war, Indira Gandhi decided to promote Manekshaw to the rank of field marshal and appoint him as the chief of defence staff (CDS). However, after several objections from the commanders of the navy and the air force, the appointment was dropped. Because Manekshaw was from the army, there were concerns that the comparatively smaller forces of the navy and air force would be neglected. Moreover, the bureaucrats felt that the appointment might reduce their influence over defence issues. Though Manekshaw was to retire in June 1972, his term was extended by a period of six months, and "in recognition of outstanding services to the Armed Forces and the nation," he was promoted to the rank of field marshal on 1 January 1973. The first Indian Army officer to be so promoted, he was formally conferred with the rank in a ceremony held at the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Residence) on 3 January.		After the war, Indira Gandhi decided to promote Manekshaw to the rank of field marshal and appoint him as the chief of defence staff (CDS). However, after several objections from the commanders of the navy and the air force, the appointment was dropped. Because Manekshaw was from the army, there were concerns that the comparatively smaller forces of the navy and air force would be neglected. Moreover, the bureaucrats felt that the appointment might reduce their influence over defence issues. Though Manekshaw was to retire in June 1972, his term was extended by a period of six months, and "in recognition of outstanding services to the Armed Forces and the nation," he was promoted to the rank of field marshal on 1 January 1973. The first Indian Army officer to be so promoted, he was formally conferred with the rank in a ceremony held at the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Residence) on 3 January.

	== Honours and post-retirement ==		== Honours and post-retirement ==
			[[File:Sam Manekshaw 2008 stamp of India-2.jpg\|thumb\|336x336px\|Manekshaw on a 2008 stamp of India]]
	For his service to India, the President of India, VV Giri, awarded Manekshaw the Padma Vibhushan in 1972. Manekshaw retired from active service on 15 January 1973 (celebrated as Army Day in India) after a career of nearly four decades. He moved with his family to Coonoor, the civilian town next to Wellington Cantonment, where he had served as commandant of the Defence Services Staff College early on in his career. Popular with Gorkha soldiers, Nepal fêted Manekshaw as an honorary general of the Nepalese Army in 1972. In 1977, he was awarded the Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class, an order of knighthood of the Kingdom of Nepal by KingBirendra. Following his service in the Indian Army, Manekshaw served as an independent director on the board and, in a few cases, as the chairman of several companies, like Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, Britannia Industries and Escorts Limited.		For his service to India, the President of India, VV Giri, awarded Manekshaw the Padma Vibhushan in 1972. Manekshaw retired from active service on 15 January 1973 (celebrated as Army Day in India) after a career of nearly four decades. He moved with his family to Coonoor, the civilian town next to Wellington Cantonment, where he had served as commandant of the Defence Services Staff College early on in his career. Popular with Gorkha soldiers, Nepal fêted Manekshaw as an honorary general of the Nepalese Army in 1972. In 1977, he was awarded the Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class, an order of knighthood of the Kingdom of Nepal by KingBirendra. Following his service in the Indian Army, Manekshaw served as an independent director on the board and, in a few cases, as the chairman of several companies, like Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, Britannia Industries and Escorts Limited.

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	== Legacy and assessment ==		== Legacy and assessment ==
	~~(left) COAS Gen. Bikram Singh unveiling the Field Marshal's statue at the Manekshaw Centre in Delhi Cantonment. (right) Manekshaw's statue at the Pune Cantonment.~~

	Vijay Diwas (lit. Victory Day) is celebrated on 16 December every year in honor of the victory achieved under Manekshaw's leadership in 1971. On 16 December 2008, a postage stamp depicting Manekshaw in his field marshal's uniform was released by then President Pratibha Patil.		Vijay Diwas (lit. Victory Day) is celebrated on 16 December every year in honor of the victory achieved under Manekshaw's leadership in 1971. On 16 December 2008, a postage stamp depicting Manekshaw in his field marshal's uniform was released by then President Pratibha Patil.
			[[File:The Chief of Army Staff, General Bikram Singh unveiling the statue of Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, in New Delhi on April 03, 2014-2.jpg\|thumb\|250x250px\|COAS Gen. Bikram Singh unveiling the Field Marshal's statue at the Manekshaw Centre in Delhi Cantonment.]]
			[[File:Sam Manekshaw's statue in Pune Cantonment-2.jpg\|thumb\|350x350px\|Manekshaw's statue at the Pune Cantonment.]]
	The Manekshaw Centre in the Delhi Cantonment is named for the field marshal. The centre was inaugurated by the President of India on 21 October 2010. The biannual Army Commanders' conference takes place at the centre. The Manekshaw parade ground in Bengaluru is also named after him. The Republic Day celebrations in Karnataka are held at this ground every year. A flyover bridge in Ahmedabad's Shivranjeeni area was named after him in 2008 by the then Chief Minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi. In 2014, a granite statue was erected in his honour at Wellington, in the Nilgiris district, close to the Manekshaw Bridgeon the Ooty–Coonoor road, which had been named after him in 2009. His statue is also on the Maneckji Mehta Road in Pune Cantonment. The Centre for Land Warfare Studies, an Indian military think tank, publishes its research papers in a collection called the Manekshaw Papers as a tribute to the field marshal.		The Manekshaw Centre in the Delhi Cantonment is named for the field marshal. The centre was inaugurated by the President of India on 21 October 2010. The biannual Army Commanders' conference takes place at the centre. The Manekshaw parade ground in Bengaluru is also named after him. The Republic Day celebrations in Karnataka are held at this ground every year. A flyover bridge in Ahmedabad's Shivranjeeni area was named after him in 2008 by the then Chief Minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi. In 2014, a granite statue was erected in his honour at Wellington, in the Nilgiris district, close to the Manekshaw Bridgeon the Ooty–Coonoor road, which had been named after him in 2009. His statue is also on the Maneckji Mehta Road in Pune Cantonment. The Centre for Land Warfare Studies, an Indian military think tank, publishes its research papers in a collection called the Manekshaw Papers as a tribute to the field marshal.

Chief Editor at 14:41, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T14:41:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:41, 26 December 2025
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	{{Heading1\|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2\|N1=Field Marshal\|N2=Sam Manekshaw\|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC\|image=02. Sam.png\|image2=Indian Army.png\|name=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat\|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat\|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।\|title2=Personal details\|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died 27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat\|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode\|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}} IMA\|title3=Military service\|Branch/Service=Indian Army\|Years of service=1934 – 2008\|Rank=Field Marshal\|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles\|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade\|Service number=IC-14\|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.		{{Heading1\|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2\|N1=Field Marshal\|N2=Sam Manekshaw\|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC\|image=02. Sam.png\|image2=Indian Army.png\|name=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat\|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat\|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।\|title2=Personal details\|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died 27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat\|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode\|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}} IMA\|title3=Military service\|Branch/Service=Indian Army\|Years of service=1934 – 2008\|Rank=Field Marshal\|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles\|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade\|Service number=IC-14\|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}
			[[File:Padma Vibhushan.jpg\|left\|frameless\|253x253px]]
			Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.
			[[File:Field Marshal of the Indian Army.svg.png\|left\|frameless\|383x383px]]
	After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1962, he was accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of army commander and took over Western Command, then was transferred in 1964 to Eastern Command. In this role, in 1967, he was involved in the first Indian victory against a Chinese offensive during the Nathu La and Cho La clashes.		After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1962, he was accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of army commander and took over Western Command, then was transferred in 1964 to Eastern Command. In this role, in 1967, he was involved in the first Indian victory against a Chinese offensive during the Nathu La and Cho La clashes.

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	=== Indian Military Academy ===		=== Indian Military Academy ===
			[[File:Field marshal SHFJ Manekshaw.jpg\|thumb\|Manekshaw pictured wearing his general's insignia]]
	Manekshaw was part of the first batch of cadets at the IMA. Called "The Pioneers", this batch also included Smith Dun and Muhammad Musa Khan, the future commanders-in-chief of Burma and Pakistan, respectively. Although the academy was inaugurated on 10 December 1932, the cadets' military training commenced on 1 October 1932. As an IMA cadet, Manekshaw went on to achieve a number of distinctions: the only one to attain the rank of field marshal. The commandant of the Academy during this period was Brigadier Lionel Peter Collins. Manekshaw was almost suspended from the Academy when he went to Mussoorie for a holiday with Kumar Jit Singh (the Maharaja of Kapurthala) and Haji Iftikhar Ahmed, and did not return in time for the morning drills.		Manekshaw was part of the first batch of cadets at the IMA. Called "The Pioneers", this batch also included Smith Dun and Muhammad Musa Khan, the future commanders-in-chief of Burma and Pakistan, respectively. Although the academy was inaugurated on 10 December 1932, the cadets' military training commenced on 1 October 1932. As an IMA cadet, Manekshaw went on to achieve a number of distinctions: the only one to attain the rank of field marshal. The commandant of the Academy during this period was Brigadier Lionel Peter Collins. Manekshaw was almost suspended from the Academy when he went to Mussoorie for a holiday with Kumar Jit Singh (the Maharaja of Kapurthala) and Haji Iftikhar Ahmed, and did not return in time for the morning drills.

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	=== General officer ===		=== General officer ===
			[[File:Maj Gen Sam Manekshaw.jpg\|thumb\|388x388px\|Manekshaw as the Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College]]
	In 1957, he went to the Imperial Defence College, London, to attend a year long higher command course. On his return, he was appointed the general officer commanding (GOC) 26th Infantry Division on 20 December 1957, with the acting rank of major general. When he commanded the division, Gen. K. S. Thimayya was the chief of the army staff (COAS), and Krishna Menon the defence minister. During a visit to Manekshaw's division, Menon asked him what he thought of Thimayya. Manekshaw replied that it was improper to evaluate his superior, and told Menon not to ask anybody again. This annoyed Menon, and he told Manekshaw that if he wanted to, he could sack Thimayya, to which Manekshaw replied, "You can get rid of him. But then I will get another."		In 1957, he went to the Imperial Defence College, London, to attend a year long higher command course. On his return, he was appointed the general officer commanding (GOC) 26th Infantry Division on 20 December 1957, with the acting rank of major general. When he commanded the division, Gen. K. S. Thimayya was the chief of the army staff (COAS), and Krishna Menon the defence minister. During a visit to Manekshaw's division, Menon asked him what he thought of Thimayya. Manekshaw replied that it was improper to evaluate his superior, and told Menon not to ask anybody again. This annoyed Menon, and he told Manekshaw that if he wanted to, he could sack Thimayya, to which Manekshaw replied, "You can get rid of him. But then I will get another."

Chief Editor at 14:31, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T14:31:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:31, 26 December 2025
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	{{Heading1\|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2\|N1=Field Marshal\|N2=Sam Manekshaw\|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC\|image=02. Sam.png\|image2=Indian Army.~~jpg~~}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.		{{Heading1\|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2\|N1=Field Marshal\|N2=Sam Manekshaw\|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC\|image=02. Sam.png\|image2=Indian Army.png\|name=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat\|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat\|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।\|title2=Personal details\|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died 27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat\|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode\|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}} IMA\|title3=Military service\|Branch/Service=Indian Army\|Years of service=1934 – 2008\|Rank=Field Marshal\|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles\|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade\|Service number=IC-14\|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.

	After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1962, he was accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of army commander and took over Western Command, then was transferred in 1964 to Eastern Command. In this role, in 1967, he was involved in the first Indian victory against a Chinese offensive during the Nathu La and Cho La clashes.		After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1962, he was accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of army commander and took over Western Command, then was transferred in 1964 to Eastern Command. In this role, in 1967, he was involved in the first Indian victory against a Chinese offensive during the Nathu La and Cho La clashes.

Chief Editor at 14:21, 26 December 2025

2025-12-26T14:21:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:21, 26 December 2025
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	{{Heading1\|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}		{{Heading1\|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2\|N1=Field Marshal\|N2=Sam Manekshaw\|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC\|image=02. Sam.png\|image2=Indian Army.jpg}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.

	{{Template2\|N1=Field Marshal\|N2=Sam Manekshaw\|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.

	After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1962, he was accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of army commander and took over Western Command, then was transferred in 1964 to Eastern Command. In this role, in 1967, he was involved in the first Indian victory against a Chinese offensive during the Nathu La and Cho La clashes.		After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1962, he was accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of army commander and took over Western Command, then was transferred in 1964 to Eastern Command. In this role, in 1967, he was involved in the first Indian victory against a Chinese offensive during the Nathu La and Cho La clashes.

Chief Editor: Created page with "{{Heading1|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}} {{Template2|N1=Field Marshal|N2=Sam Manekshaw|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gor..."

2025-12-26T14:17:50Z

Created page with "{{Heading1|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}} {{Template2|N1=Field Marshal|N2=Sam Manekshaw|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gor..."

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 26 December 2025
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	Throughout his military career he was awarded the Military Cross in 1942 for his display of gallantry in Burma during World War II against the Japanese at the battle of Pagoda Hill. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1968, and the Padma Vibhushan in 1972 for his exceptional service.		Throughout his military career he was awarded the Military Cross in 1942 for his display of gallantry in Burma during World War II against the Japanese at the battle of Pagoda Hill. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1968, and the Padma Vibhushan in 1972 for his exceptional service.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\| colspan="4" align="center" \|		\| colspan="4" align="center" \| [[File:Padma Vibhushan Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="4" align="center" \|		\| colspan="4" align="center" \| [[File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Padma Bhushan Ribbon]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:India General Service Medal 1947.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|General Service Medal]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND Poorvi Star Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Poorvi Star]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND Paschimi Star Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Paschimi Star]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND Raksha Medal Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Raksha Medal]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:IND Sangram Medal Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Sainya Seva Medal]]
	\|		\|[[File:Indian Independence medal 1947.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Indian Independence Medal]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND 25th Anniversary Independence medal.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|		\|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|		\|[[File:Military cross BAR.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Military Cross]]
	\|		\|[[File:Ribbon - 1939-45 Star.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|1939-45 Star]]
			\|-
			\|[[File:Ribbon - Burma Star.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px\|Burma Star]]
			\|[[File:Ribbon - War Medal.png\|frameless\|150x150px]]
			\|[[File:Ribbon India Service Medal.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
			\|[[File:General Service Medal 1918 BAR.svg.png\|center\|frameless\|150x150px]]
	\|}		\|}
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"