Param Vir Chakra: Difference between revisions
Chief Editor (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
Chief Editor (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| (6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
The history of modern-day Indian gallantry awards can be traced back to the rule of the East India Company. Gold medals were awarded to Indian officers for the first time in 1795, with the first recipient being Subedar Abdul Kader of the 5th Madras Native Infantry. The chain of the gold medal awarded to Kader was inscribed with the words "For Conduct and Courage on All Occasions". In 1834 the Order of Merit was established by the then Governor-General of India, Lord William Bentinck. The decoration was renamed the Indian Order of Merit (IOM) in 1902, and Indians considered it to be "the most coveted gallantry award" until the Victoria Cross (VC)—the highest award for gallantry in the British Empire—was extended to Indians in 1911. The VC was awarded to 153 Indian and British soldiers of the British Indian Army, and civilians under its command, from 1857 until Indian independence in 1947. | The history of modern-day Indian gallantry awards can be traced back to the rule of the East India Company. Gold medals were awarded to Indian officers for the first time in 1795, with the first recipient being Subedar Abdul Kader of the 5th Madras Native Infantry. The chain of the gold medal awarded to Kader was inscribed with the words "For Conduct and Courage on All Occasions". In 1834 the Order of Merit was established by the then Governor-General of India, Lord William Bentinck. The decoration was renamed the Indian Order of Merit (IOM) in 1902, and Indians considered it to be "the most coveted gallantry award" until the Victoria Cross (VC)—the highest award for gallantry in the British Empire—was extended to Indians in 1911. The VC was awarded to 153 Indian and British soldiers of the British Indian Army, and civilians under its command, from 1857 until Indian independence in 1947. | ||
[[File:Param Vir Chakra.png|right|frameless|700x700px]] | |||
During the First World War, in addition to the IOM, the award system of the British Indian Army was expanded. Based on the British practice for recognising actions of gallantry, senior officers would be awarded the Distinguished Service Order, junior officers the Military Cross, and enlisted men with the Military Medal. This system continued through the Second World War. | During the First World War, in addition to the IOM, the award system of the British Indian Army was expanded. Based on the British practice for recognising actions of gallantry, senior officers would be awarded the Distinguished Service Order, junior officers the Military Cross, and enlisted men with the Military Medal. This system continued through the Second World War. | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
The PVC has been awarded 21 times, of which 14 were awarded posthumously and 16 arose from actions in Indo-Pakistani conflicts. Of the 21 awardees, 20 have been from the Indian Army, and one has been from the Indian Air Force. The Grenadiers, with three awards, have received the greatest number of Param Vir Chakras. The various Gorkha Rifle regiments of the Indian Army have received three awards, with the 1, 8, and 11Gorkha Rifle regiments each having one PVC recipient. | The PVC has been awarded 21 times, of which 14 were awarded posthumously and 16 arose from actions in Indo-Pakistani conflicts. Of the 21 awardees, 20 have been from the Indian Army, and one has been from the Indian Air Force. The Grenadiers, with three awards, have received the greatest number of Param Vir Chakras. The various Gorkha Rifle regiments of the Indian Army have received three awards, with the 1, 8, and 11Gorkha Rifle regiments each having one PVC recipient. | ||
As of January 2018, Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, who was awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously in 1971, is the only Indian Air Force officer to have been honoured with the medal.Subedar Major Bana Singh, Subedar Sanjay Kumar and Subedar Yogendra Singh Yadav, are the only living recipients of the award. | As of January 2018, Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, who was awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously in 1971, is the only Indian Air Force officer to have been honoured with the medal.Subedar Major Bana Singh, Subedar Sanjay Kumar and Subedar Yogendra Singh Yadav, are the only living recipients of the award.{{Heading1|title=परम योद्धा {{!}} Param Yodha}} | ||
| Line 72: | Line 71: | ||
!Conflict | !Conflict | ||
!Place of action | !Place of action | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Major Somnath Sharma statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Somnath Sharma | |[[Somnath Sharma]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|Kumaon Regiment | |Kumaon Regiment | ||
| Line 81: | Line 79: | ||
|Battle of Badgam | |Battle of Badgam | ||
|Badgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Badgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Naik Jadunath Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Jadunath Singh | |[[Jadunath Singh]] | ||
|Naik | |Naik | ||
|Rajput Regiment | |Rajput Regiment | ||
| Line 90: | Line 87: | ||
|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | |Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | ||
|Naushera, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Naushera, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Second Lieutenant R R Rane statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Rama Raghoba Rane | |[[Rama Raghoba Rane]] | ||
|Second Lieutenant | |Second Lieutenant | ||
|Bombay Sappers | |Bombay Sappers | ||
| Line 99: | Line 95: | ||
|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | |Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | ||
|Naushera, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Naushera, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Piru Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Piru Singh | |[[Piru Singh]] | ||
|Company Havildar Major | |Company Havildar Major | ||
|Rajputana Rifles | |Rajputana Rifles | ||
| Line 108: | Line 103: | ||
|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | |Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | ||
|Tithwal, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Tithwal, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Lance Naik Karam Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|160x160px]] | ||
|Karam Singh | |[[Karam Singh]] | ||
|Lance Naik | |Lance Naik | ||
|Sikh Regiment | |Sikh Regiment | ||
| Line 117: | Line 111: | ||
|Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | |Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 | ||
|Tithwal, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Tithwal, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Captain Salaria statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Gurbachan Singh Salaria | |[[Gurbachan Singh Salaria]] | ||
|Captain | |Captain | ||
|1 Gorkha Rifles | |1 Gorkha Rifles | ||
| Line 126: | Line 119: | ||
|Congo Crisis | |Congo Crisis | ||
|Élisabethville, Katanga, Congo | |Élisabethville, Katanga, Congo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Major Dhan Singh Thapa statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Dhan Singh Thapa | |[[Dhan Singh Thapa]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|8 Gorkha Rifles | |8 Gorkha Rifles | ||
| Line 135: | Line 127: | ||
|Sino-Indian War | |Sino-Indian War | ||
|Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Subedar Joginder Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Joginder Singh | |[[Joginder Singh]] | ||
|Subedar | |Subedar | ||
|Sikh Regiment | |Sikh Regiment | ||
| Line 144: | Line 135: | ||
|Sino-Indian War | |Sino-Indian War | ||
|Tongpen La, North-East Frontier Agency, India | |Tongpen La, North-East Frontier Agency, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Major Shaitan Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Shaitan Singh | |[[Shaitan Singh]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|Kumaon Regiment | |Kumaon Regiment | ||
| Line 153: | Line 143: | ||
|Sino-Indian War | |Sino-Indian War | ||
|Rezang La, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Rezang La, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:CQHM Abdul Hamid statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Abdul Hamid | |[[Abdul Hamid]] | ||
|Company Quarter Master Havildar | |Company Quarter Master Havildar | ||
|The Grenadiers | |The Grenadiers | ||
| Line 162: | Line 151: | ||
|Battle of Asal Uttar | |Battle of Asal Uttar | ||
|Khemkaran, India | |Khemkaran, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Lt Col A B Tarapore statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Ardeshir Tarapore | |[[Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore|Ardeshir Tarapore]] | ||
|Lieutenant Colonel | |Lieutenant Colonel | ||
|Poona Horse | |Poona Horse | ||
| Line 171: | Line 159: | ||
|Battle of Chawinda | |Battle of Chawinda | ||
|Phillora, Sialkot, Pakistan | |Phillora, Sialkot, Pakistan | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Lance Naik Albert Ekka statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Albert Ekka | |[[Albert Ekka]] | ||
|Lance Naik | |Lance Naik | ||
|Brigade of the Guards | |Brigade of the Guards | ||
| Line 180: | Line 167: | ||
|Battle of Hilli | |Battle of Hilli | ||
|Gangasagar, Agartala, India | |Gangasagar, Agartala, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:N J Sekhon statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon | |[[Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon]] | ||
|Flying Officer | |Flying Officer | ||
|No. 18 Squadron IAF | |No. 18 Squadron IAF | ||
| Line 189: | Line 175: | ||
|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 | |Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 | ||
|Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Second Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Arun Khetarpal | |[[Arun Khetarpal]] | ||
|Second Lieutenant | |Second Lieutenant | ||
|Poona Horse | |Poona Horse | ||
| Line 198: | Line 183: | ||
|Battle of Basantar | |Battle of Basantar | ||
|Barapind-Jarpal, Shakargarh, Pakistan | |Barapind-Jarpal, Shakargarh, Pakistan | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Major Hoshiar Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Hoshiar Singh Dahiya | |[[Hoshiar Singh|Hoshiar Singh Dahiya]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|The Grenadiers | |The Grenadiers | ||
| Line 207: | Line 191: | ||
|Battle of Basantar | |Battle of Basantar | ||
|Basantar River, Shakargarh, Pakistan | |Basantar River, Shakargarh, Pakistan | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Naib Subedar Bana Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Bana Singh | |[[Bana Singh]] | ||
|Naib Subedar | |Naib Subedar | ||
|Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry | |Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry | ||
| Line 217: | Line 200: | ||
Meghdoot | Meghdoot | ||
|Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Major R Parameswaran statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Ramaswamy Parameshwaran | |[[Ramaswamy Parameswaran|Ramaswamy Parameshwaran]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|Mahar Regiment | |Mahar Regiment | ||
| Line 226: | Line 208: | ||
|Operation Pawan | |Operation Pawan | ||
|Sri Lanka | |Sri Lanka | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Lieutenant M K Pandey statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Manoj Kumar Pandey | |[[Manoj Kumar Pandey]] | ||
|Lieutenant | |Lieutenant | ||
|11 Gorkha Rifles | |11 Gorkha Rifles | ||
| Line 235: | Line 216: | ||
|Operation Vijay | |Operation Vijay | ||
|Khaluber /Juber Top, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Khaluber /Juber Top, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Grenadier Yoginder Singh Yadav statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Yogendra Singh Yadav | |[[Yogendra Singh Yadav]] | ||
|Grenadier | |Grenadier | ||
|The Grenadiers | |The Grenadiers | ||
| Line 244: | Line 224: | ||
|Operation Vijay | |Operation Vijay | ||
|Tiger Hill, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Tiger Hill, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Rifleman Sanjay Kumar statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|174x174px]] | ||
|Sanjay Kumar | |[[Sanjay Kumar]] | ||
|Rifleman | |Rifleman | ||
|Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | |Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | ||
| Line 253: | Line 232: | ||
|Operation Vijay | |Operation Vijay | ||
|Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |[[File:Captain Vikram Batra statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Vikram Batra | |[[Vikram Batra]] | ||
|Captain | |Captain | ||
|Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | |Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | ||
| Line 262: | Line 240: | ||
|Operation Vijay | |Operation Vijay | ||
|Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
| | |}[[File:Bana Singh, Yoginder, Sanjay Kumar (PVC Recipients).jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|The three living recipients of the Param Vir Chakra: Yogendra Singh Yadav, Bana Singh, and Sanjay Kumar]] | ||
| | |||
# The Param Vir Chakra was established on 26 January 1950 (Republic Day of India) by the President of India, but went into effect on 15 August 1947. | # The Param Vir Chakra was established on 26 January 1950 (Republic Day of India) by the President of India, but went into effect on 15 August 1947. | ||
# Though the Ashoka Chakra is placed below the Param Vir Chakra in precedence, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent to Param Vir Chakra. | # Though the Ashoka Chakra is placed below the Param Vir Chakra in precedence, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent to Param Vir Chakra. | ||
| Line 361: | Line 337: | ||
[[Category:Indian Air Force]] | [[Category:Indian Air Force]] | ||
[[Category:PVC]] | [[Category:PVC]] | ||
[[Category:Gallantry Award]] | |||