Sam Manekshaw: Difference between revisions

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{{Heading1|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2|N1=Field Marshal|N2=Sam Manekshaw|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC|image=02. Sam.png|image2=Indian Army.png|name=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।|title2=Personal details|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died 27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}} IMA|title3=Military service|Branch/Service=Indian Army|Years of service=1934 – 2008|Rank=Field Marshal|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade|Service number=IC-14|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.

{{Heading1|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2|N1=Field Marshal|N2=Sam Manekshaw|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC|image=02. Sam.png|image2=Indian Army.png|name=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।|title2=Personal details|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died 27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}} IMA|title3=Military service|Branch/Service=Indian Army|Years of service=1934 – 2008|Rank=Field Marshal|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade|Service number=IC-14|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}

[[File:Padma Vibhushan.jpg|left|frameless|253x253px]]

Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.

[[File:Field Marshal of the Indian Army.svg.png|left|frameless|383x383px]]

After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1962, he was accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of army commander and took over Western Command, then was transferred in 1964 to Eastern Command. In this role, in 1967, he was involved in the first Indian victory against a Chinese offensive during the Nathu La and Cho La clashes.

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=== Indian Military Academy ===

[[File:Field marshal SHFJ Manekshaw.jpg|thumb|Manekshaw pictured wearing his general's insignia]]

Manekshaw was part of the first batch of cadets at the IMA. Called "The Pioneers", this batch also included Smith Dun and Muhammad Musa Khan, the future commanders-in-chief of Burma and Pakistan, respectively. Although the academy was inaugurated on 10 December 1932, the cadets' military training commenced on 1 October 1932. As an IMA cadet, Manekshaw went on to achieve a number of distinctions: the only one to attain the rank of field marshal. The commandant of the Academy during this period was Brigadier Lionel Peter Collins. Manekshaw was almost suspended from the Academy when he went to Mussoorie for a holiday with Kumar Jit Singh (the Maharaja of Kapurthala) and Haji Iftikhar Ahmed, and did not return in time for the morning drills.

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=== General officer ===

[[File:Maj Gen Sam Manekshaw.jpg|thumb|388x388px|Manekshaw as the Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College]]

In 1957, he went to the Imperial Defence College, London, to attend a year long higher command course. On his return, he was appointed the general officer commanding (GOC) 26th Infantry Division on 20 December 1957, with the acting rank of major general. When he commanded the division, Gen. K. S. Thimayya was the chief of the army staff (COAS), and Krishna Menon the defence minister. During a visit to Manekshaw's division, Menon asked him what he thought of Thimayya. Manekshaw replied that it was improper to evaluate his superior, and told Menon not to ask anybody again. This annoyed Menon, and he told Manekshaw that if he wanted to, he could sack Thimayya, to which Manekshaw replied, "You can get rid of him. But then I will get another."

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-{{Heading1|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2|N1=Field Marshal|N2=Sam Manekshaw|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC|image=02. Sam.png|image2=Indian Army.png|name=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।|title2=Personal details|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died	27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}}  IMA|title3=Military service|Branch/Service=Indian Army|Years of service=1934 – 2008|Rank=Field Marshal|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade|Service number=IC-14|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.
+{{Heading1|title=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम मानेकशॉ}}Field Marshal '''Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw''' MC (3 April 1914 – 27 June 2008), also known as '''Sam Bahadur''' ("the Brave"), was an Indian Army general officer who was the Chief of the army staff during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, and the first Indian army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. His active military career spanned four decades, beginning with service in World War II.{{Template2|N1=Field Marshal|N2=Sam Manekshaw|N3=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} MC|image=02. Sam.png|image2=Indian Army.png|name=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|title1=7th Chief of the Army Staff, Bharat|summary1=फील्ड मार्शल श्री सैम होर्मुसजी फ्रामजी जमशेदजी मानेकशॉ भारतीय सैन्य इतिहास के ऐसे शिखर पुरुष थे, जिनकी दूरदर्शिता, साहस और स्पष्ट नेतृत्व ने राष्ट्र की दिशा बदल दी। 1971 के युद्ध में उनके निर्णायक नेतृत्व ने भारत को ऐतिहासिक विजय दिलाई और बांग्लादेश के उदय का मार्ग प्रशस्त किया। अनुशासन, नैतिक साहस और सैनिकों के प्रति गहरी संवेदना उनके व्यक्तित्व की पहचान थी। वे केवल एक महान सेनानायक नहीं, बल्कि भारतीय सेना की पेशेवर उत्कृष्टता, आत्मविश्वास और गरिमा के स्थायी प्रतीक हैं।|title2=Personal details|Born=3 April 1914, Amritsar, Punjab Province, Bharat {{!}} Died	27 June 2008 (aged 94), Wellington, Tamil Nadu, Bharat|Spouse=Smt. Silloo Bode|Alma mater=Hindu Sabha College, Amritsar {{!}}  IMA|title3=Military service|Branch/Service=Indian Army|Years of service=1934 – 2008|Rank=Field Marshal|Unit=12th Frontier Force Regiment {{!}} 8th Gorkha Rifles|Commands=Eastern Army {{!}} Western Army {{!}} IV Corps {{!}} 26th Infantry Division {{!}} Defence Services Staff College, Wellington {{!}} The Infantry School {{!}} 167 Infantry Brigade|Service number=IC-14|Awards=Padma Vibhushan {{!}} Padma Bhushan {{!}} Military Cross {{!}} Order of Tri Shakti Patta First Class}}
+[[File:Padma Vibhushan.jpg|left|frameless|253x253px]]
+Manekshaw joined the first intake of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun in 1932. He was commissioned into the 4th Battalion, 12th Frontier Force Regiment. In World War II, he was awarded the Military Cross for gallantry. Following the Partition of India in 1947, he was reassigned to the 8th Gorkha Rifles. Manekshaw was seconded to a planning role during the 1947 Indo-Pakistani War and the Hyderabad crisis, and as a result, he never commanded an infantry battalion. He was promoted to the rank of brigadier while serving at the Military Operations Directorate. He became the commander of 167 Infantry Brigade in 1952 and served in this position until 1954 when he took over as the director of military training at the Army Headquarters.
+[[File:Field Marshal of the Indian Army.svg.png|left|frameless|383x383px]]
 After completing the higher command course at the Imperial Defence College, he was appointed the general officer commanding of the 26th Infantry Division. He also served as the commandant of the Defence Services Staff College. In 1962, he was accused in a politically motivated treason trial, he was eventually found innocent but thus could not serve in the 1962 war. In 1963, Manekshaw was promoted to the rank of army commander and took over Western Command, then was transferred in 1964 to Eastern Command. In this role, in 1967, he was involved in the first Indian victory against a Chinese offensive during the Nathu La and Cho La clashes.
@@ Line 16: / Line 18: @@
 === Indian Military Academy ===
+[[File:Field marshal SHFJ Manekshaw.jpg|thumb|Manekshaw pictured wearing his general's insignia]]
 Manekshaw was part of the first batch of cadets at the IMA. Called "The Pioneers", this batch also included Smith Dun and Muhammad Musa Khan, the future commanders-in-chief of Burma and Pakistan, respectively. Although the academy was inaugurated on 10 December 1932, the cadets' military training commenced on 1 October 1932. As an IMA cadet, Manekshaw went on to achieve a number of distinctions: the only one to attain the rank of field marshal. The commandant of the Academy during this period was Brigadier Lionel Peter Collins. Manekshaw was almost suspended from the Academy when he went to Mussoorie for a holiday with Kumar Jit Singh (the Maharaja of Kapurthala) and Haji Iftikhar Ahmed, and did not return in time for the morning drills.
@@ Line 41: / Line 44: @@
 === General officer ===
+[[File:Maj Gen Sam Manekshaw.jpg|thumb|388x388px|Manekshaw as the Commandant of the Defence Services Staff College]]
 In 1957, he went to the Imperial Defence College, London, to attend a year long higher command course. On his return, he was appointed the general officer commanding (GOC) 26th Infantry Division on 20 December 1957, with the acting rank of major general. When he commanded the division, Gen. K. S. Thimayya was the chief of the army staff (COAS), and Krishna Menon the defence minister. During a visit to Manekshaw's division, Menon asked him what he thought of Thimayya. Manekshaw replied that it was improper to evaluate his superior, and told Menon not to ask anybody again. This annoyed Menon, and he told Manekshaw that if he wanted to, he could sack Thimayya, to which Manekshaw replied, "You can get rid of him. But then I will get another."