Param Vir Chakra: Difference between revisions
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== History == | == History == | ||
The history of modern-day Indian gallantry awards can be traced back to the rule of the East India Company. Gold medals were awarded to Indian officers for the first time in 1795, with the first recipient being Subedar Abdul Kader of the 5th Madras Native Infantry. The chain of the gold medal awarded to Kader was inscribed with the words "For Conduct and Courage on All Occasions". In 1834 the Order of Merit was established by the then Governor-General of India, Lord William Bentinck. The decoration was renamed the Indian Order of Merit (IOM) in 1902, and Indians considered it to be "the most coveted gallantry award" until the Victoria Cross (VC)—the highest award for gallantry in the British Empire—was extended to Indians in 1911. The VC was awarded to 153 Indian and British soldiers of the British Indian Army, and civilians under its command, from 1857 until Indian independence in 1947. | The history of modern-day Indian gallantry awards can be traced back to the rule of the East India Company. Gold medals were awarded to Indian officers for the first time in 1795, with the first recipient being Subedar Abdul Kader of the 5th Madras Native Infantry. The chain of the gold medal awarded to Kader was inscribed with the words "For Conduct and Courage on All Occasions". In 1834 the Order of Merit was established by the then Governor-General of India, Lord William Bentinck. The decoration was renamed the Indian Order of Merit (IOM) in 1902, and Indians considered it to be "the most coveted gallantry award" until the Victoria Cross (VC)—the highest award for gallantry in the British Empire—was extended to Indians in 1911. The VC was awarded to 153 Indian and British soldiers of the British Indian Army, and civilians under its command, from 1857 until Indian independence in 1947. | ||
[[File:Param Vir Chakra.png|right|frameless|700x700px]] | |||
During the First World War, in addition to the IOM, the award system of the British Indian Army was expanded. Based on the British practice for recognising actions of gallantry, senior officers would be awarded the Distinguished Service Order, junior officers the Military Cross, and enlisted men with the Military Medal. This system continued through the Second World War. | During the First World War, in addition to the IOM, the award system of the British Indian Army was expanded. Based on the British practice for recognising actions of gallantry, senior officers would be awarded the Distinguished Service Order, junior officers the Military Cross, and enlisted men with the Military Medal. This system continued through the Second World War. | ||
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The PVC has been awarded 21 times, of which 14 were awarded posthumously and 16 arose from actions in Indo-Pakistani conflicts. Of the 21 awardees, 20 have been from the Indian Army, and one has been from the Indian Air Force. The Grenadiers, with three awards, have received the greatest number of Param Vir Chakras. The various Gorkha Rifle regiments of the Indian Army have received three awards, with the 1, 8, and 11Gorkha Rifle regiments each having one PVC recipient. | The PVC has been awarded 21 times, of which 14 were awarded posthumously and 16 arose from actions in Indo-Pakistani conflicts. Of the 21 awardees, 20 have been from the Indian Army, and one has been from the Indian Air Force. The Grenadiers, with three awards, have received the greatest number of Param Vir Chakras. The various Gorkha Rifle regiments of the Indian Army have received three awards, with the 1, 8, and 11Gorkha Rifle regiments each having one PVC recipient. | ||
As of January 2018, Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, who was awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously in 1971, is the only Indian Air Force officer to have been honoured with the medal.Subedar Major Bana Singh, Subedar Sanjay Kumar and Subedar Yogendra Singh Yadav, are the only living recipients of the award. | As of January 2018, Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon, who was awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously in 1971, is the only Indian Air Force officer to have been honoured with the medal.Subedar Major Bana Singh, Subedar Sanjay Kumar and Subedar Yogendra Singh Yadav, are the only living recipients of the award.{{Heading1|title=परम योद्धा {{!}} Param Yodha}} | ||
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|[[File:Major Somnath Sharma statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Major Somnath Sharma statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Somnath Sharma | |[[Somnath Sharma]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|Kumaon Regiment | |Kumaon Regiment | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Naik Jadunath Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Naik Jadunath Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Jadunath Singh | |[[Jadunath Singh]] | ||
|Naik | |Naik | ||
|Rajput Regiment | |Rajput Regiment | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Second Lieutenant R R Rane statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Second Lieutenant R R Rane statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Rama Raghoba Rane | |[[Rama Raghoba Rane]] | ||
|Second Lieutenant | |Second Lieutenant | ||
|Bombay Sappers | |Bombay Sappers | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Piru Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Piru Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Piru Singh | |[[Piru Singh]] | ||
|Company Havildar Major | |Company Havildar Major | ||
|Rajputana Rifles | |Rajputana Rifles | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Lance Naik Karam Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|160x160px]] | |[[File:Lance Naik Karam Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|160x160px]] | ||
|Karam Singh | |[[Karam Singh]] | ||
|Lance Naik | |Lance Naik | ||
|Sikh Regiment | |Sikh Regiment | ||
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|[[File:Captain Salaria statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Captain Salaria statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Gurbachan Singh Salaria | |[[Gurbachan Singh Salaria]] | ||
|Captain | |Captain | ||
|1 Gorkha Rifles | |1 Gorkha Rifles | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Major Dhan Singh Thapa statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Major Dhan Singh Thapa statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Dhan Singh Thapa | |[[Dhan Singh Thapa]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|8 Gorkha Rifles | |8 Gorkha Rifles | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Subedar Joginder Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Subedar Joginder Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Joginder Singh | |[[Joginder Singh]] | ||
|Subedar | |Subedar | ||
|Sikh Regiment | |Sikh Regiment | ||
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|[[File:Major Shaitan Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Major Shaitan Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Shaitan Singh | |[[Shaitan Singh]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|Kumaon Regiment | |Kumaon Regiment | ||
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|[[File:CQHM Abdul Hamid statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:CQHM Abdul Hamid statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Abdul Hamid | |[[Abdul Hamid]] | ||
|Company Quarter Master Havildar | |Company Quarter Master Havildar | ||
|The Grenadiers | |The Grenadiers | ||
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|[[File:Lt Col A B Tarapore statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Lt Col A B Tarapore statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Ardeshir Tarapore | |[[Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore|Ardeshir Tarapore]] | ||
|Lieutenant Colonel | |Lieutenant Colonel | ||
|Poona Horse | |Poona Horse | ||
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|[[File:Lance Naik Albert Ekka statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Lance Naik Albert Ekka statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Albert Ekka | |[[Albert Ekka]] | ||
|Lance Naik | |Lance Naik | ||
|Brigade of the Guards | |Brigade of the Guards | ||
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|[[File:N J Sekhon statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:N J Sekhon statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon | |[[Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon]] | ||
|Flying Officer | |Flying Officer | ||
|No. 18 Squadron IAF | |No. 18 Squadron IAF | ||
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|[[File:Second Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Second Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Arun Khetarpal | |[[Arun Khetarpal]] | ||
|Second Lieutenant | |Second Lieutenant | ||
|Poona Horse | |Poona Horse | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Major Hoshiar Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Major Hoshiar Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Hoshiar Singh Dahiya | |[[Hoshiar Singh|Hoshiar Singh Dahiya]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|The Grenadiers | |The Grenadiers | ||
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|[[File:Naib Subedar Bana Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Naib Subedar Bana Singh statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Bana Singh | |[[Bana Singh]] | ||
|Naib Subedar | |Naib Subedar | ||
|Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry | |Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Major R Parameswaran statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Major R Parameswaran statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Ramaswamy Parameshwaran | |[[Ramaswamy Parameswaran|Ramaswamy Parameshwaran]] | ||
|Major | |Major | ||
|Mahar Regiment | |Mahar Regiment | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Lieutenant M K Pandey statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Lieutenant M K Pandey statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Manoj Kumar Pandey | |[[Manoj Kumar Pandey]] | ||
|Lieutenant | |Lieutenant | ||
|11 Gorkha Rifles | |11 Gorkha Rifles | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Grenadier Yoginder Singh Yadav statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Grenadier Yoginder Singh Yadav statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Yogendra Singh Yadav | |[[Yogendra Singh Yadav]] | ||
|Grenadier | |Grenadier | ||
|The Grenadiers | |The Grenadiers | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Rifleman Sanjay Kumar statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|174x174px]] | |[[File:Rifleman Sanjay Kumar statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|174x174px]] | ||
|Sanjay Kumar | |[[Sanjay Kumar]] | ||
|Rifleman | |Rifleman | ||
|Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | |Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | ||
| Line 235: | Line 234: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:Captain Vikram Batra statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | |[[File:Captain Vikram Batra statue at Param Yodha Sthal Delhi.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | ||
|Vikram Batra | |[[Vikram Batra]] | ||
|Captain | |Captain | ||
|Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | |Jammu and Kashmir Rifles | ||
| Line 241: | Line 240: | ||
|Operation Vijay | |Operation Vijay | ||
|Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, India | |Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir, India | ||
|} | |}[[File:Bana Singh, Yoginder, Sanjay Kumar (PVC Recipients).jpg|center|thumb|500x500px|The three living recipients of the Param Vir Chakra: Yogendra Singh Yadav, Bana Singh, and Sanjay Kumar]] | ||
# The Param Vir Chakra was established on 26 January 1950 (Republic Day of India) by the President of India, but went into effect on 15 August 1947. | # The Param Vir Chakra was established on 26 January 1950 (Republic Day of India) by the President of India, but went into effect on 15 August 1947. | ||
# Though the Ashoka Chakra is placed below the Param Vir Chakra in precedence, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent to Param Vir Chakra. | # Though the Ashoka Chakra is placed below the Param Vir Chakra in precedence, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent to Param Vir Chakra. | ||
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[[Category:Indian Air Force]] | [[Category:Indian Air Force]] | ||
[[Category:PVC]] | [[Category:PVC]] | ||
[[Category:Gallantry Award]] | |||